【新闻摘录】小熊維尼進入公有領域，米老鼠末日只剩一年。

2022年1月1日，1926年問世的美國電影、書籍與歌曲得以正式進入公有領域。這些作品可供所有人免費複製、展示與演出，使用者不必支付任何版稅。今年獲得進入公有領域最引人矚目的的作品就屬米恩（A. A. Milne）創造的經典人物小熊維尼以及他的大多數朋友（除了1928年才出場的跳跳虎）。


這批作品理應在2001年就進入公有領域，但因為迪士尼當時為了避免自己在失去米老鼠的版權，竟順利說服國會延長期限以保護其商業利益。然而，目前距離迪士尼失去米老鼠只剩一年，屆時世人將可以對米老鼠任何事，而不必支付迪士尼半毛錢。


不過這不代表大家可以任意改動或挪用迪士尼後來創造的電影或卡通版《小熊維尼》，因為這些作品的版權仍屬於迪士尼。這次進入公有領域的是當時以故事書角色在1926年十月初次登場的「小熊維尼」，現在世人可以自由以小熊維尼的名字或形象創作一個新的繪本、小說與電影，而不會觸犯任何版權，但至少在角色故事與造型上仍必須與迪士尼的創作（即1966年由迪士尼推出的首部《小熊維尼》卡通與其衍生作品）產生區隔。


目前迪士尼一年仍透過《小熊維尼》系列角色獲得30億至60億美元的進帳，但迪士尼暫且不用擔心鉅額損失，因為迪士尼版的《小熊維尼》預計會在2061年才會進入公有領域。即便現在有人創造了一個完全與迪士尼版本不同的小熊維尼，恐怕也難以圖得什麼商業利益。但米老鼠的案例可就完全不同了，因為該角色就是由迪士尼首創，可以想見迪士尼目前如臨大敵的心情。


今年最受矚目的、進入公有領域的作品以文學來看，包括海明威（Ernest Hemingway）的小說《太陽依舊升起 The Sun Also Rises》、阿拉伯的勞倫斯（T. E. Lawrence）的回憶錄《智慧七柱 The Seven Pillars of Wisdom》、阿嘉莎．克莉絲蒂（Agatha Christie）經典偵探小說《羅傑．艾克洛命案 The Murder of Roger Ackroyd》與紀伯倫（Kahlil Gibran）的散文詩集《沙與沫 Sand and Foam》等。未來好萊塢將不必取得授權就能直接將這些文學作品翻拍成電影。


以電影來看，則有巴斯特．基頓（Buster Keaton）自編自導的《戰將巴特勒 Battling Butler》、葛麗泰．嘉寶（Greta Garbo）主演的《尤物 The Temptress》、范倫鐵諾（Rudolph Valentino）主演的《酋長之子 Son of the Sheik》、哈洛．洛依德（Harold Lloyd）主演的《幸運降臨 For Heaven’s Sake》。


依照去年案例，小說《大亨小傳 The Great Gatsby》（1925）一進入公有領域，後人撰寫的續集立刻就上市。看來現在應該也有不少米老鼠迷正在摩拳擦掌。

《【新闻摘录】小熊維尼進入公有領域，米老鼠末日只剩一年。》上有5,046条评论

  8. By using ipstresser.wtf Stress Testing Tool you understand and agree that any damages caused related to the Stress Test launched is your own responsability. 8. Community You must be respectful regarding the staff. Also, sale trashing isn’t allowed and will be punished. 9. TOS If you get caught or admit breaking the TOS your account will be terminated. We reserve the right to modify

    回复

  10. The OpusMining is engaged in cloud mining provision while using the technology, developed by the experts in IT and cryptocurrencies field. The main product idea is effective disparate computing resources appliance. We tend to unite investors, including newcomers, on a single platform together. Our customers’ trust is based on obvious evidence: they honestly get their income every day.

    回复

  12. The OpusMining is engaged in cloud mining provision while using the technology, developed by the experts in IT and cryptocurrencies field. The main product idea is effective disparate computing resources appliance. We tend to unite investors, including newcomers, on a single platform together. Our customers’ trust is based on obvious evidence: they honestly get their income every day.

    回复

  16. By using ipstresser.wtf Stress Testing Tool you understand and agree that any damages caused related to the Stress Test launched is your own responsability. 8. Community You must be respectful regarding the staff. Also, sale trashing isn’t allowed and will be punished. 9. TOS If you get caught or admit breaking the TOS your account will be terminated. We reserve the right to modify

    回复

  17. Best Free IP Stresser. Start A Free Trial. Join the strongest IP Stresser / Booter service! We offer powerful Layer 4 and Layer 7 Bypass methods capable of downing OVH, Cloudflare. and various other DDoS protections. Try our free IP stresser before you buy! The Technology. Of Inspiration Feature-rich web hosting Performance optimization .com

    回复

  18. By using ipstresser.wtf Stress Testing Tool you understand and agree that any damages caused related to the Stress Test launched is your own responsability. 8. Community You must be respectful regarding the staff. Also, sale trashing isn’t allowed and will be punished. 9. TOS If you get caught or admit breaking the TOS your account will be terminated. We reserve the right to modify

    回复

  20. The OpusMining is engaged in cloud mining provision while using the technology, developed by the experts in IT and cryptocurrencies field. The main product idea is effective disparate computing resources appliance. We tend to unite investors, including newcomers, on a single platform together. Our customers’ trust is based on obvious evidence: they honestly get their income every day.

    回复

  21. The OpusMining is engaged in cloud mining provision while using the technology, developed by the experts in IT and cryptocurrencies field. The main product idea is effective disparate computing resources appliance. We tend to unite investors, including newcomers, on a single platform together. Our customers’ trust is based on obvious evidence: they honestly get their income every day.

    回复

  26. The OpusMining is engaged in cloud mining provision while using the technology, developed by the experts in IT and cryptocurrencies field. The main product idea is effective disparate computing resources appliance. We tend to unite investors, including newcomers, on a single platform together. Our customers’ trust is based on obvious evidence: they honestly get their income every day.

    回复

  39. By using ipstresser.wtf Stress Testing Tool you understand and agree that any damages caused related to the Stress Test launched is your own responsability. 8. Community You must be respectful regarding the staff. Also, sale trashing isn’t allowed and will be punished. 9. TOS If you get caught or admit breaking the TOS your account will be terminated. We reserve the right to modify

    回复

  45. Best Free IP Stresser. Start A Free Trial. Join the strongest IP Stresser / Booter service! We offer powerful Layer 4 and Layer 7 Bypass methods capable of downing OVH, Cloudflare. and various other DDoS protections. Try our free IP stresser before you buy! The Technology. Of Inspiration Feature-rich web hosting Performance optimization .com

    回复

  669. This is the perfect site for everyone who really wants to find out about this topic.

    You know a whole lot its almost tough to argue with you (not
    that I personally would want to…HaHa). You certainly put a
    brand new spin on a topic that has been discussed for years.

    Excellent stuff, just excellent!

    回复